Clinical presentations and virologic characteristics of primary human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection in a university hospital in Taiwan

Hsin-Yun Sun¹, Mei-Jyh Chen¹, Chien-Ching Hung^1,2, Mao-Yuan Chen¹, Szu-Min Hsieh¹, Wang-Huei Sheng¹, Chi-Tay Fang¹, Sui-Yuan Chang³, Shan-Chwen Chang^1
1Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei; and Departments of ²Parasitology and 3Medical Technology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC

Received: January 14, 2004 Revised: March 23, 2004 Accepted: April 13, 2004

Corresponding author: Dr. Sui-Yuan Chang, Department of Medical Technology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail:

Clinical manifestations of primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (acute retroviral syndrome) and virologic characteristics of HIV-1 have rarely been described in Taiwan. Medical records of patients followed at the National Taiwan University Hospital between June 1994 and September 2003 were retrospectively reviewed to identify HIV-infected patients who were diagnosed with primary HIV infection. Blood specimens obtained at the diagnosis of primary HIV infection were submitted for viral subtyping and genotypic resistance assay. Twenty out of 940 patients were diagnosed with acute retroviral syndrome during the study period. All of the patients were males, with a median age of 31 years (range, 23 to 42 years); all were men who had sex with men. The most common clinical manifestations were fever (95%), generalized lymphadenopathy (75%), pharyngitis (70%), skin rashes (70%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (60%) including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Thrombocytopenia (35%), leukopenia (35%), and elevated liver function test (50%) were seen in the laboratory tests. The median CD4 lymphocyte count was 312 cells/L (range, 112-520 cells/L), and the plasma HIV RNA load by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was 230,500 copies/mL (range, 602->750,000 copies/mL). No major resistance mutations on protease or reverse transcriptase were identified in the 11 available viral isolates. We conclude that primary HIV infection was rarely diagnosed in the designated hospital for HIV care in Taiwan. More education of health care providers and counseling of persons at risk to increase awareness of HIV infection are urgently needed in Taiwan in order to facilitate earlier diagnosis of primary HIV infection and prevent further transmission.

Key words: CD4 lymphocyte count, diagnosis, HIV-1, risk factors, viral load

J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2004;37:271-275.